हम ने होस्टिंग परत और Krrel सर्वर का पता लगाया है. अब हम Aack के दिल पर आते हैं. N.EEENT: मध्य शास्त्र. यह है जहां आपके अनुप्रयोग तर्क, जहां निवेदन कर रहे हैं, और जहाँ प्रतिक्रिया निर्माण किया जाता है. मध्य भाषा समझने के लिए मूल रूप से एक महान महान को समझने के लिए है.
मध्य भाग में सरल रूप से सरल है - प्रत्येक घटक एक ऐसा समारोह है जो कि एक HTTP निवेदन प्रक्रिया करता है - फिर भी पर्याप्त पर्याप्त है जो सब कुछ बनाने के लिए सत्यापन से काम करते हैं फ़ाइलों की सेवा करने के लिए. इस भाग में, हम परीक्षण करेंगे कि कैसे मध्य-स्थान काम करते हैं, और हमारे स्वयं को बनाने के लिए सीखने के लिए सीखते हैं.
नोट: यह प्रयोगिक लेखों का एक हिस्सा है (जो अतीत में लिखा गया है). यह एआई का एक संयोजन है और मेरे खुद का संपादन और कमजोरी.
मध्य भाग सॉफ्टवेयर है कि एक कार्यक्रम में एकत्र किया गया है अनुरोधों और प्रतिक्रियाओं को संभालने के लिए. प्रत्येक अवयव:
इसके बारे में सोचिए ।
graph LR
A[Request] --> B[Middleware 1]
B --> C[Middleware 2]
C --> D[Middleware 3]
D --> E[Endpoint]
E --> D
D --> C
C --> B
B --> F[Response]
हर मध्य- भाग हो सकता है:
इसके कोर पर, मध्य- एलबम सिर्फ इस हस्ताक्षर के साथ एक फंक्शन है:
public delegate Task RequestDelegate(HttpContext context);
हर बीच इन्हें लिया जाता है:
HttpContext context - सभी निवेदन और प्रतिक्रिया सूचना शामिल हैRequestDelegate next - अगले मध्य मिडैम मेंचलो कल्पना करते हैं कि कैसे एक अनुरोध बीच में बह रहा है:
sequenceDiagram
participant Client
participant MW1 as Middleware 1
participant MW2 as Middleware 2
participant MW3 as Middleware 3
participant Endpoint
Client->>MW1: HTTP Request
Note over MW1: Before logic
MW1->>MW2: next()
Note over MW2: Before logic
MW2->>MW3: next()
Note over MW3: Before logic
MW3->>Endpoint: next()
Note over Endpoint: Execute endpoint
Endpoint-->>MW3: Return
Note over MW3: After logic
MW3-->>MW2: Return
Note over MW2: After logic
MW2-->>MW1: Return
Note over MW1: After logic
MW1-->>Client: HTTP Response
कुंजी पाइंट्स:
next()next()Use()सबसे आसान तरीका है मेम्नाडा की अभिव्यक्तियाँ:
var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);
var app = builder.Build();
app.Use(async (context, next) =>
{
// Before the next middleware
Console.WriteLine($"Request: {context.Request.Path}");
var startTime = DateTime.UtcNow;
// Call the next middleware
await next(context);
// After the next middleware
var elapsed = DateTime.UtcNow - startTime;
Console.WriteLine($"Response: {context.Response.StatusCode} ({elapsed.TotalMilliseconds}ms)");
});
app.MapGet("/", () => "Hello World!");
app.Run();
जब पहुँच हो तो आउटपुट /:
Request: /
Response: 200 (15.3ms)
Run()Run() टर्मिनल मध्य- भाग उत्पन्न करता है जो कि इम्प्लीशन को समाप्त करता है:
var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);
var app = builder.Build();
app.Use(async (context, next) =>
{
Console.WriteLine("This executes");
await next(context);
});
app.Run(async context =>
{
Console.WriteLine("This is terminal - no next() to call");
await context.Response.WriteAsync("End of pipeline");
});
// This never executes because Run() terminates the pipeline
app.Use(async (context, next) =>
{
Console.WriteLine("This never executes");
await next(context);
});
app.Run();
जटिल चरवेयर के लिए, एक वर्ग का उपयोग करें:
// Middleware class
public class RequestTimingMiddleware
{
private readonly RequestDelegate _next;
private readonly ILogger<RequestTimingMiddleware> _logger;
public RequestTimingMiddleware(RequestDelegate next, ILogger<RequestTimingMiddleware> logger)
{
_next = next;
_logger = logger;
}
public async Task InvokeAsync(HttpContext context)
{
var sw = Stopwatch.StartNew();
// Store start time in HttpContext.Items for other middleware to access
context.Items["RequestStartTime"] = DateTime.UtcNow;
try
{
await _next(context);
}
finally
{
sw.Stop();
_logger.LogInformation(
"Request {Method} {Path} completed in {ElapsedMs}ms with status {StatusCode}",
context.Request.Method,
context.Request.Path,
sw.ElapsedMilliseconds,
context.Response.StatusCode
);
}
}
}
// Extension method for convenience
public static class RequestTimingMiddlewareExtensions
{
public static IApplicationBuilder UseRequestTiming(this IApplicationBuilder builder)
{
return builder.UseMiddleware<RequestTimingMiddleware>();
}
}
// Usage
var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);
var app = builder.Build();
app.UseRequestTiming();
app.MapGet("/", () => "Hello World!");
app.Run();
आउटपुटः
info: RequestTimingMiddleware[0]
Request GET / completed in 12ms with status 200
अनुक्रम जिस में आप बीच में अंतर करते हैं वह महत्वपूर्ण है. यहाँ सलाह के आदेश है:
graph TD
A[Exception Handler] --> B[HSTS]
B --> C[HTTPS Redirection]
C --> D[Static Files]
D --> E[Routing]
E --> F[CORS]
F --> G[Authentication]
G --> H[Authorization]
H --> I[Custom Middleware]
I --> J[Session]
J --> K[Response Caching]
K --> L[Response Compression]
L --> M[Endpoints]
यह व्यवस्था क्यों?
चलो कोड में यह देखते हैं:
var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);
// Add services
builder.Services.AddAuthentication();
builder.Services.AddAuthorization();
builder.Services.AddResponseCaching();
builder.Services.AddResponseCompression();
builder.Services.AddSession();
builder.Services.AddCors();
var app = builder.Build();
// 1. Exception handling (must be first)
if (app.Environment.IsDevelopment())
{
app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
}
else
{
app.UseExceptionHandler("/error");
app.UseHsts(); // HTTP Strict Transport Security
}
// 2. HTTPS redirection
app.UseHttpsRedirection();
// 3. Static files (can short-circuit)
app.UseStaticFiles();
// 4. Routing (matches endpoints)
app.UseRouting();
// 5. CORS (after routing, before auth)
app.UseCors();
// 6. Authentication (who are you?)
app.UseAuthentication();
// 7. Authorization (what can you do?)
app.UseAuthorization();
// 8. Custom middleware
app.UseRequestTiming();
// 9. Session
app.UseSession();
// 10. Response caching
app.UseResponseCaching();
// 11. Response compression
app.UseResponseCompression();
// 12. Endpoints
app.MapGet("/", () => "Hello World!");
app.Run();
बाद में के मध्य हॉल से अपवाद प्राप्त करता है तथा त्रुटि प्रतिक्रिया प्रस्तुत करता है:
var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);
var app = builder.Build();
// Global exception handler
app.UseExceptionHandler(errorApp =>
{
errorApp.Run(async context =>
{
context.Response.StatusCode = 500;
context.Response.ContentType = "application/json";
var error = context.Features.Get<IExceptionHandlerFeature>();
if (error != null)
{
var ex = error.Error;
await context.Response.WriteAsJsonAsync(new
{
error = new
{
message = ex.Message,
type = ex.GetType().Name,
stackTrace = app.Environment.IsDevelopment() ? ex.StackTrace : null
}
});
}
});
});
// This will be caught by the exception handler
app.MapGet("/error", () =>
{
throw new InvalidOperationException("Something went wrong!");
});
app.MapGet("/", () => "Hello World!");
app.Run();
जांच किया जा रहा है:
$ curl http://localhost:5000/error
{
"error": {
"message": "Something went wrong!",
"type": "InvalidOperationException",
"stackTrace": "..."
}
}
स्थिर फ़ाइलें तथा छोटी- से- क्लशर्मिन्सेस की सेवा करता है:
var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);
var app = builder.Build();
// Default: serves files from wwwroot/
app.UseStaticFiles();
// Serve files from additional directory
app.UseStaticFiles(new StaticFileOptions
{
FileProvider = new PhysicalFileProvider(
Path.Combine(builder.Environment.ContentRootPath, "MyStaticFiles")),
RequestPath = "/StaticFiles"
});
// Custom file type (MIME mapping)
var provider = new FileExtensionContentTypeProvider();
provider.Mappings[".myapp"] = "application/x-myapp";
app.UseStaticFiles(new StaticFileOptions
{
ContentTypeProvider = provider
});
// Enable directory browsing (development only!)
if (app.Environment.IsDevelopment())
{
app.UseDirectoryBrowser(new DirectoryBrowserOptions
{
FileProvider = new PhysicalFileProvider(
Path.Combine(builder.Environment.ContentRootPath, "wwwroot")),
RequestPath = "/browse"
});
}
app.Run();
फ्लोचार्ट डायग्राम:
graph TD
A[Request: /css/site.css] --> B{Static Files Middleware}
B -->|File exists| C[Serve file]
C --> D[Return 200]
B -->|File not found| E[Call next middleware]
E --> F[Routing/Endpoints]
F --> G[Return 404]
style C stroke:#10b981,stroke-width:3px
style G stroke:#ef4444,stroke-width:3px
निवेदन पर आधारित उपयोक्ता को सत्यापित करता है:
var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);
// Add authentication services
builder.Services.AddAuthentication("Cookies")
.AddCookie("Cookies", options =>
{
options.LoginPath = "/login";
options.LogoutPath = "/logout";
options.ExpireTimeSpan = TimeSpan.FromHours(1);
})
.AddJwtBearer("Bearer", options =>
{
options.TokenValidationParameters = new TokenValidationParameters
{
ValidateIssuer = true,
ValidateAudience = true,
ValidateLifetime = true,
ValidateIssuerSigningKey = true,
ValidIssuer = "https://myapp.com",
ValidAudience = "https://myapp.com",
IssuerSigningKey = new SymmetricSecurityKey(
Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("your-secret-key-here"))
};
});
var app = builder.Build();
app.UseAuthentication(); // Must be before UseAuthorization()
app.MapGet("/public", () => "Anyone can access this");
app.MapGet("/protected", () => "Only authenticated users can access this")
.RequireAuthorization();
app.MapGet("/login", async (HttpContext context) =>
{
var claims = new[]
{
new Claim(ClaimTypes.Name, "testuser"),
new Claim(ClaimTypes.Email, "[email protected]")
};
var identity = new ClaimsIdentity(claims, "Cookies");
var principal = new ClaimsPrincipal(identity);
await context.SignInAsync("Cookies", principal);
return Results.Ok("Logged in");
});
app.Run();
निर्धारित करता है कि किसी सत्यापित उपयोक्ता के पास रिसोर्स तक पहुँचने की अनुमति हैः
var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);
builder.Services.AddAuthentication("Cookies")
.AddCookie("Cookies");
// Configure authorization policies
builder.Services.AddAuthorization(options =>
{
// Policy: Requires specific claim
options.AddPolicy("AdminOnly", policy =>
policy.RequireClaim("role", "admin"));
// Policy: Requires age over 18
options.AddPolicy("Adults", policy =>
policy.RequireAssertion(context =>
{
var ageClaim = context.User.FindFirst("age");
if (ageClaim != null && int.TryParse(ageClaim.Value, out var age))
{
return age >= 18;
}
return false;
}));
// Policy: Combines requirements
options.AddPolicy("AdminOrManager", policy =>
policy.RequireAssertion(context =>
context.User.HasClaim("role", "admin") ||
context.User.HasClaim("role", "manager")));
});
var app = builder.Build();
app.UseAuthentication();
app.UseAuthorization();
// No authorization required
app.MapGet("/public", () => "Public endpoint");
// Requires authentication
app.MapGet("/authenticated", () => "Authenticated endpoint")
.RequireAuthorization();
// Requires specific policy
app.MapGet("/admin", () => "Admin only endpoint")
.RequireAuthorization("AdminOnly");
// Multiple policies
app.MapGet("/restricted", () => "Adults and admins only")
.RequireAuthorization("Adults", "AdminOnly");
app.Run();
क्रास- मिक्स रिसोर्स साझेदारी हैंडल करता है:
var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);
// Configure CORS policies
builder.Services.AddCors(options =>
{
// Policy 1: Allow all
options.AddPolicy("AllowAll", policy =>
{
policy.AllowAnyOrigin()
.AllowAnyMethod()
.AllowAnyHeader();
});
// Policy 2: Specific origin
options.AddPolicy("AllowSpecificOrigin", policy =>
{
policy.WithOrigins("https://example.com", "https://app.example.com")
.AllowAnyMethod()
.AllowAnyHeader()
.AllowCredentials(); // Important for cookies/auth
});
// Policy 3: Specific methods and headers
options.AddPolicy("RestrictedAccess", policy =>
{
policy.WithOrigins("https://partner.com")
.WithMethods("GET", "POST")
.WithHeaders("Content-Type", "Authorization")
.WithExposedHeaders("X-Custom-Header")
.SetPreflightMaxAge(TimeSpan.FromMinutes(10));
});
// Default policy
options.AddDefaultPolicy(policy =>
{
policy.WithOrigins("https://trustedsite.com")
.AllowAnyMethod()
.AllowAnyHeader();
});
});
var app = builder.Build();
app.UseRouting();
// Apply CORS globally
app.UseCors("AllowSpecificOrigin");
// Or apply per endpoint
app.MapGet("/api/data", () => new { data = "Hello" })
.RequireCors("AllowAll");
app.MapGet("/api/restricted", () => new { data = "Restricted" })
.RequireCors("RestrictedAccess");
app.Run();
कोर- लैम्प निवेदन प्रवाह:
sequenceDiagram
participant Browser
participant CORS as CORS Middleware
participant Endpoint
Browser->>CORS: OPTIONS /api/data<br/>(Preflight Request)
Note over Browser,CORS: Origin: https://example.com<br/>Access-Control-Request-Method: POST<br/>Access-Control-Request-Headers: Content-Type
Note over CORS: Check CORS policy
alt Policy allows
CORS-->>Browser: 204 No Content<br/>Access-Control-Allow-Origin: https://example.com<br/>Access-Control-Allow-Methods: POST<br/>Access-Control-Allow-Headers: Content-Type
Browser->>CORS: POST /api/data<br/>(Actual Request)
CORS->>Endpoint: Forward request
Endpoint-->>CORS: Response
CORS-->>Browser: Response + CORS headers
else Policy denies
CORS-->>Browser: 403 Forbidden
end
प्रदर्शन के लिए कैश जवाब:
var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);
builder.Services.AddResponseCaching();
var app = builder.Build();
app.UseResponseCaching();
// Cache this endpoint
app.MapGet("/cached", (HttpContext context) =>
{
context.Response.Headers.CacheControl = "public,max-age=60"; // Cache for 60 seconds
return $"Generated at {DateTime.UtcNow:HH:mm:ss}";
});
// Don't cache this
app.MapGet("/no-cache", (HttpContext context) =>
{
context.Response.Headers.CacheControl = "no-cache";
return $"Generated at {DateTime.UtcNow:HH:mm:ss}";
});
// Conditional caching
app.MapGet("/data", (HttpContext context, string? cache) =>
{
if (cache == "yes")
{
context.Response.Headers.CacheControl = "public,max-age=30";
}
return new
{
timestamp = DateTime.UtcNow,
data = "Some data"
};
});
app.Run();
जांच किया जा रहा है:
# First request - generates response and caches it
$ curl -i http://localhost:5000/cached
Date: Mon, 15 Jan 2024 10:30:00 GMT
Cache-Control: public,max-age=60
Generated at 10:30:00
# Second request within 60 seconds - served from cache
$ curl -i http://localhost:5000/cached
Date: Mon, 15 Jan 2024 10:30:00 GMT # Same time!
Cache-Control: public,max-age=60
Age: 15 # Cache age in seconds
Generated at 10:30:00 # Same response!
TX को कम करने के लिए अनुक्रिया संपीडित करें:
var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);
builder.Services.AddResponseCompression(options =>
{
options.EnableForHttps = true; // Enable for HTTPS (be aware of CRIME attack)
// Providers (order matters - tried in sequence)
options.Providers.Add<BrotliCompressionProvider>();
options.Providers.Add<GzipCompressionProvider>();
// MIME types to compress
options.MimeTypes = ResponseCompressionDefaults.MimeTypes.Concat(
new[] { "application/json", "text/plain", "text/css", "application/javascript" });
});
// Configure compression levels
builder.Services.Configure<BrotliCompressionProviderOptions>(options =>
{
options.Level = CompressionLevel.Fastest; // Fastest, Optimal, SmallestSize
});
builder.Services.Configure<GzipCompressionProviderOptions>(options =>
{
options.Level = CompressionLevel.Optimal;
});
var app = builder.Build();
app.UseResponseCompression();
app.MapGet("/large", () =>
{
// Generate large response
var data = string.Join("", Enumerable.Repeat("Hello World! ", 1000));
return Results.Text(data, "text/plain");
});
app.Run();
जांच किया जा रहा है:
# Without compression
$ curl -H "Accept-Encoding:" http://localhost:5000/large
# Response: ~13KB
# With gzip
$ curl -H "Accept-Encoding: gzip" http://localhost:5000/large
# Response: ~100 bytes (compressed)
# Header: Content-Encoding: gzip
# With brotli (better compression)
$ curl -H "Accept-Encoding: br" http://localhost:5000/large
# Response: ~60 bytes (compressed)
# Header: Content-Encoding: br
प्राप्ति के लिए प्रत्येक निवेदन में एक अद्वितीय पहचानकारक जोड़ता है:
public class RequestIdMiddleware
{
private readonly RequestDelegate _next;
private readonly ILogger<RequestIdMiddleware> _logger;
public RequestIdMiddleware(RequestDelegate next, ILogger<RequestIdMiddleware> logger)
{
_next = next;
_logger = logger;
}
public async Task InvokeAsync(HttpContext context)
{
// Check if request already has an ID (from client)
var requestId = context.Request.Headers["X-Request-ID"].FirstOrDefault()
?? Guid.NewGuid().ToString();
// Add to response headers
context.Response.Headers["X-Request-ID"] = requestId;
// Store in HttpContext for other middleware/endpoints to access
context.Items["RequestId"] = requestId;
// Use scope for structured logging
using (_logger.BeginScope(new Dictionary<string, object>
{
["RequestId"] = requestId
}))
{
_logger.LogInformation("Processing request {RequestId}", requestId);
await _next(context);
_logger.LogInformation("Completed request {RequestId}", requestId);
}
}
}
API के लिए मनपसंद सत्यापन:
public class ApiKeyMiddleware
{
private readonly RequestDelegate _next;
private readonly IConfiguration _configuration;
private const string API_KEY_HEADER = "X-API-Key";
public ApiKeyMiddleware(RequestDelegate next, IConfiguration configuration)
{
_next = next;
_configuration = configuration;
}
public async Task InvokeAsync(HttpContext context)
{
// Skip authentication for public endpoints
if (context.Request.Path.StartsWithSegments("/public"))
{
await _next(context);
return;
}
// Check for API key in header
if (!context.Request.Headers.TryGetValue(API_KEY_HEADER, out var providedKey))
{
context.Response.StatusCode = 401;
await context.Response.WriteAsJsonAsync(new { error = "API Key is missing" });
return;
}
// Validate API key (in production, check against database)
var validApiKey = _configuration["ApiKey"];
if (providedKey != validApiKey)
{
context.Response.StatusCode = 403;
await context.Response.WriteAsJsonAsync(new { error = "Invalid API Key" });
return;
}
// Set user identity based on API key
var claims = new[] { new Claim("ApiKey", providedKey!) };
var identity = new ClaimsIdentity(claims, "ApiKey");
context.User = new ClaimsPrincipal(identity);
await _next(context);
}
}
प्रति आईपी पता से निवेदन करता है:
public class RateLimitingMiddleware
{
private readonly RequestDelegate _next;
private readonly IMemoryCache _cache;
private readonly int _requestLimit;
private readonly TimeSpan _timeWindow;
public RateLimitingMiddleware(
RequestDelegate next,
IMemoryCache cache,
int requestLimit = 100,
int timeWindowSeconds = 60)
{
_next = next;
_cache = cache;
_requestLimit = requestLimit;
_timeWindow = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(timeWindowSeconds);
}
public async Task InvokeAsync(HttpContext context)
{
var clientIp = context.Connection.RemoteIpAddress?.ToString() ?? "unknown";
var cacheKey = $"RateLimit_{clientIp}";
// Get current request count
var requestCount = _cache.GetOrCreate(cacheKey, entry =>
{
entry.AbsoluteExpirationRelativeToNow = _timeWindow;
return 0;
});
if (requestCount >= _requestLimit)
{
context.Response.StatusCode = 429; // Too Many Requests
context.Response.Headers["Retry-After"] = _timeWindow.TotalSeconds.ToString();
await context.Response.WriteAsJsonAsync(new
{
error = "Rate limit exceeded",
retryAfter = _timeWindow.TotalSeconds
});
return;
}
// Increment request count
_cache.Set(cacheKey, requestCount + 1, _timeWindow);
// Add rate limit headers
context.Response.Headers["X-RateLimit-Limit"] = _requestLimit.ToString();
context.Response.Headers["X-RateLimit-Remaining"] = (_requestLimit - requestCount - 1).ToString();
context.Response.Headers["X-RateLimit-Reset"] = DateTimeOffset.UtcNow.Add(_timeWindow).ToUnixTimeSeconds().ToString();
await _next(context);
}
}
// Usage
var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);
builder.Services.AddMemoryCache();
var app = builder.Build();
app.UseMiddleware<RateLimitingMiddleware>(100, 60); // 100 requests per 60 seconds
app.Run();
जांच किया जा रहा है:
# First request - OK
$ curl -i http://localhost:5000/api/data
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
X-RateLimit-Limit: 100
X-RateLimit-Remaining: 99
X-RateLimit-Reset: 1705318860
# After 100 requests
$ curl -i http://localhost:5000/api/data
HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
Retry-After: 60
X-RateLimit-Limit: 100
X-RateLimit-Remaining: 0
X-RateLimit-Reset: 1705318860
{"error":"Rate limit exceeded","retryAfter":60}
आप परिस्थितियों पर आधारित आपसी अंतर शाखा दफ्तर को शाखा दफ्तर बना सकते हैं:
var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);
var app = builder.Build();
// Map: Creates a branch based on path prefix
app.Map("/api", apiApp =>
{
apiApp.UseMiddleware<ApiKeyMiddleware>();
apiApp.MapGet("/data", () => new { data = "API data" });
});
// MapWhen: Creates a branch based on custom condition
app.MapWhen(
context => context.Request.Headers.ContainsKey("X-Custom-Header"),
customApp =>
{
customApp.Use(async (context, next) =>
{
context.Response.Headers["X-Custom-Response"] = "Matched!";
await next(context);
});
customApp.MapGet("/special", () => "Special endpoint");
});
// UseWhen: Rejoins the main pipeline after the branch
app.UseWhen(
context => context.Request.Path.StartsWithSegments("/admin"),
adminApp =>
{
adminApp.Use(async (context, next) =>
{
// Log admin access
Console.WriteLine("Admin area accessed");
await next(context);
});
});
app.MapGet("/", () => "Main pipeline");
app.Run();
शाखा दृश्य:
graph TD
A[Request] --> B{Path?}
B -->|/api/*| C[API Branch]
B -->|/admin/*| D[Admin Branch UseWhen]
B -->|Other| E[Main Pipeline]
C --> F[API Key Middleware]
F --> G[API Endpoints]
G --> Z1[Response]
D --> H[Admin Logging]
H --> I[Rejoin Main Pipeline]
I --> J[Main Pipeline Continues]
J --> Z2[Response]
E --> K[Main Endpoints]
K --> Z3[Response]
हर बीच में एक ही ज़िम्मेदारी होनी चाहिए:
// ❌ Bad: Doing too much
public class BadMiddleware
{
public async Task InvokeAsync(HttpContext context)
{
// Authentication
// Authorization
// Logging
// Rate limiting
// Response modification
// ... too much!
}
}
// ✅ Good: Single responsibility
public class AuthenticationMiddleware { /* Only authentication */ }
public class LoggingMiddleware { /* Only logging */ }
public class RateLimitingMiddleware { /* Only rate limiting */ }
public class SafeMiddleware
{
private readonly RequestDelegate _next;
private readonly ILogger<SafeMiddleware> _logger;
public SafeMiddleware(RequestDelegate next, ILogger<SafeMiddleware> logger)
{
_next = next;
_logger = logger;
}
public async Task InvokeAsync(HttpContext context)
{
try
{
await _next(context);
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
_logger.LogError(ex, "Error in middleware");
// Don't swallow exceptions - let exception handler middleware handle them
throw;
}
}
}
इसके प्रारंभ होने के बाद प्रतिक्रिया मत बदलें:
public class ResponseSafeMiddleware
{
private readonly RequestDelegate _next;
public ResponseSafeMiddleware(RequestDelegate next)
{
_next = next;
}
public async Task InvokeAsync(HttpContext context)
{
// Good: Check before modifying
if (!context.Response.HasStarted)
{
context.Response.Headers["X-Custom-Header"] = "Value";
}
await _next(context);
// Bad: Response might have already started
// context.Response.Headers["X-After-Header"] = "Value"; // This might throw!
// ✅ Good: Check first
if (!context.Response.HasStarted)
{
context.Response.Headers["X-After-Header"] = "Value";
}
}
}
public class DIAwareMiddleware
{
private readonly RequestDelegate _next;
// Singleton services injected in constructor
private readonly ILogger<DIAwareMiddleware> _logger;
public DIAwareMiddleware(RequestDelegate next, ILogger<DIAwareMiddleware> logger)
{
_next = next;
_logger = logger;
}
// Scoped/Transient services injected in InvokeAsync
public async Task InvokeAsync(HttpContext context, IMyService myService)
{
// myService is scoped to this request
var data = await myService.GetDataAsync();
await _next(context);
}
}
next()app.Use() इनलाइन मध्य- एलबम के लिए, वर्ग जटिल मध्य- वितरण के लिएMap() और MapWhen()Response.HasStarted शीर्षों को संशोधन करने से पहलेInvokeAsync()मध्य भाग को समझने से आपको यह पूरा नियंत्रण मिलता है कि निवेदन कैसे चलाया जा रहा है। हर क्रूस की चिंता-पुष्टि से लेकर व्यवहारात्मक तर्क के लिए सत्यापन के बारे में बात की जा रही है - बीच के रूप में बहुत अच्छी तरह से उपयोग किया जा सकता है।
भाग ४: १७ की ओर लगातार बढ़ते रहिए और अंत - बिन्दुओं को यह जानने के लिए कि कैसे निवेदन अन्त - बिन्दुओं के साथ मेल खाते हैं और कैसे नक़ली व्यवस्था कार्य करती है ।
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